Prostatectomía inmediata versus demorada en pacientes que progresan a una enfermedad de mayor riesgo en vigilancia activa / Immediate versus delayed prostatectomy and the fate of patients who progress to a higher risk disease on active surveillance

Introducción: Se debaten los resultados oncológicos de la prostatectomía radical (PR) en pacientes que progresan en vigilancia activa (VA). Comparamos los resultados de los pacientes elegibles para VA sometidos a PR inmediatamente después del diagnóstico con aquellos que lo hacían después de un retraso o progresión de la enfermedad en VA. Métodos: Entre 2000 y 2014, 961 pacientes fueron elegibles para VA según los criterios de la EAU. Se comparó la PR a los 6 meses del diagnóstico (PRI) o más allá (PRT), PR sin VA (PRTa) y pacientes en VA que progresan a PR (PRTb). Se registró PSA inicial, características clínicas y de biopsia. Los resultados oncológicos incluyeron patología adversa (PA) en la muestra de PR y recurrencia bioquímica (RBQ). Se realizó un análisis de pares emparejados entre los pacientes con PRTb y GS7 sometidos a PR inmediata (GS7PRI). Resultados: PRI, PRT, PRTa y PRTb tuvieron 820 (85%), 141 (15%), 118 (12,24%) y 23 (2,7%) pacientes respectivamente. PRI, PRTa y PRTb se sometieron a PR a una mediana de 3, 9 y 19 meses después del diagnóstico, respectivamente. Las características basales fueron comparables. PRT vs. PRI tuvieron una mediana de tiempo más temprana (31 vs. 43 meses; p < 0,001) y una mayor tasa de progresión a RBQ (7,6 vs. 3,9%; p = 0,045). PRTb mostró RBQ más alta (19 frente a 5%; p = 0,021) con una mediana de tiempo más temprana a RBQ, en comparación con PRI y PRTa (p = 0,038). No hubo diferencias en las tasas de PA y RBQ, pero el tiempo hasta RBQ fue significativamente menor en PRTb (49 frente a 6 meses; p<0,001), en comparación con GS7PRI. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que progresaron en VA tuvieron los peores resultados oncológicos. PR para progresión de GS7 y par coincidente de pacientes con GS7 tuvieron resultados similares. Peores resultados oncológicos en los progresores de VA no pueden explicarse por una mera demora en PR

Introduction: Oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients progressing on active surveillance (AS) are debated. We compared outcomes of AS eligible patients undergoing RP immediately after diagnosis with those doing so after delay or disease progression on AS. Methods: Between 2000 and 2014, 961 patients were AS eligible as per EAU criteria. RP within 6 months of diagnosis (IRP) or beyond (DRP), RP without AS (DRPa) and AS patients progressing to RP (DRPb) were compared. Baseline PSA, clinical and biopsy characteristics were noted. Oncological outcomes included adverse pathology in RP specimen and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Matched pair analysis was done between DRPb and GS7 patients undergoing immediate RP (GS7IRP). Results: IRP, DRP, DRPa and DRPb had 820 (85%), 141 (15%), 118 (12.24%) and 23 (2.7%) patients respectively. IRP, DRPa and DRPb underwent RP at a median of 3, 9 and 19 months after diagnosis respectively. Baseline characteristics were comparable. DRP vs. IRP had earlier median time (31 vs. 43 months; p < 0.001) and higher rate of progression to BCR (7.6 vs. 3.9%; p = 0.045). DRPb showed higher BCR (19 vs. 5%; p = 0.021) with earlier median time to BCR, compared to IRP and DRPa (p = 0.038). There was no difference in adverse pathology and BCR rates, but time to BCR was significantly lesser in DRPb (49 vs. 6 months; p < 0.001), compared to GS7IRP. Conclusions: Patients progressing on AS had worst oncological outcomes. RP for GS7 progression and matched pair of GS7 patients had similar outcomes. Worse oncological outcomes in AS progressors cannot be explained by a mere delay in RP

Resultados oncológicos y características patológicas de la sobrestadificación de cT1 a carcinoma de células renales pT3a en comparación con los tumores pT3a de novo / Oncological outcomes and pathological characteristics of cT1 upstaging to pT3a renal cell carcinoma compared with de novo pT3a tumors

Introducción: La importancia de la sobrestadificación de tumores renales cT1 a pT3a no está clara. Evaluamos la incidencia de la sobrestadificación, identificamos factores predictivos y analizamos los resultados oncológicos de estos pacientes frente a aquellos que no sobrestadificaron. También comparamos los resultados oncológicos de la sobrestadificación de cT1 a pT3a con tumores renales pT3a de novo. Métodos: De una base de datos de 1.021 tumores renales con datos de seguimiento completos disponibles, 517 pacientes tenían cT1. Los pacientes que sobrestadificaron a pT3a se compararon con aquellos que no lo hicieron. Se analizaron los resultados de las características clínicas, perioperatorias, histopatológicas y oncológicas iniciales. Resultados: De 517 pacientes con cT1, 105 (20,3%) sobrestadificaron a pT3a y 412 (79,7%) no lo hicieron. La proporción de pacientes en cada grupo tratados mediante nefrectomía parcial y radical, el tamaño del tumor postoperatorio, la histología, el estado de los márgenes, y la afectación de ganglios linfáticos fueron similares. Entre los que sobrestadificaron, 9 pacientes (8,6%) desarrollaron la primera recurrencia en comparación con solo 3 (0,7%) en aquellos que no sobrestadificaron (p < 0,001). La mediana del tiempo hasta la recurrencia (57 frente a 107 meses; p < 0,001) fue menor en los tumores renales pT3a de novo. Conclusiones: La sobrestadificación patológica de cT1 a pT3a y la necrosis en la histopatología se asociaron con la recurrencia. La edad avanzada, el tabaquismo, la necrosis en la histopatología, la histología de células claras y grados más altos de Fuhrman contribuyeron a la sobrestadificación patológica de los tumores cT1. El CCR pT3a de novo tuvo una supervivencia peor cuando se comparó con los pacientes con cT1 que sobrestadificaron a CCR pT3a

Introduction: The significance of upstaging of cT1 renal tumors to pT3a is not clear. We evaluate the incidence of upstaging, identify predictors and analyze oncological outcomes of these patients versus those who did not upstage. We also compared the oncological outcomes of cT1 upstaging to pT3a with de novo pT3a renal tumors. Methods: From a database of 1021 renal tumors with complete available follow-up data, 517 patients had cT1. Patients upstaging to pT3a were compared to those who did not. Baseline clinical, perioperative, histopathologic features and oncological outcomes were analysed. Results: Out of 517 cT1 patients, 105 (20.3%) upstaged to pT3a and 412 (79.7%) did not. Proportion of patients in each group undergoing partial and radical nephrectomy, postoperative tumor size, histology, margin status and lymph node involvement were similar. Among upstaged, 9 patients (8.6%) developed first recurrence as compared to only 3 (0.7%) in those not upstaging (P < 0.001). The median time to recurrence (57 vs. 107 months; P < 0.001) was lesser in de novo pT3a renal tumors. Conclusions: Pathological upstaging from cT1 to pT3a and necrosis on histopathology were associated with recurrence. Advanced age, smoking, necrosis on histopathology, clear cell histology and higher Fuhrman grades contributed to pathological upstaging of cT1 tumors. De novo pT3a RCC had worse survival when compared to cT1 patients upstaging to pT3a RCC

Immediate versus delayed prostatectomy and the fate of patients who progress to a higher risk disease on active surveillance. / Prostatectomía inmediata versus demorada en pacientes que progresan a una enfermedad de mayor riesgo en vigilancia activa.

INTRODUCTION: Oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients progressing on active surveillance (AS) are debated. We compared outcomes of AS eligible patients undergoing RP immediately after diagnosis with those doing so after delay or disease progression on AS. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2014, 961 patients were AS eligible as per EAU criteria. RP within 6 months of diagnosis (IRP) or beyond (DRP), RP without AS (DRPa) and AS patients progressing to RP (DRPb) were compared. Baseline PSA, clinical and biopsy characteristics were noted. Oncological outcomes included adverse pathology in RP specimen and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Matched pair analysis was done between DRPb and GS7 patients undergoing immediate RP (GS7IRP). RESULTS: IRP, DRP, DRPa and DRPb had 820 (85%), 141 (15%), 118 (12.24%) and 23 (2.7%) patients respectively. IRP, DRPa and DRPb underwent RP at a median of 3, 9 and 19 months after diagnosis respectively. Baseline characteristics were comparable. DRP vs. IRP had earlier median time (31 vs. 43 months; p<.001) and higher rate of progression to BCR (7.6 vs. 3.9%;p=.045). DRPb showed higher BCR (19 vs. 5%;p=.021) with earlier median time to BCR, compared to IRP and DRPa (p=.038). There was no difference in adverse pathology and BCR rates, but time to BCR was significantly lesser in DRPb (49 vs. 6 months;p<.001), compared to GS7IRP. CONCLUSIONS: Patients progressing on AS had worst oncological outcomes. RP for GS7 progression and matched pair of GS7 patients had similar outcomes. Worse oncological outcomes in AS progressors cannot be explained by a mere delay in RP.

Oncological outcomes and pathological characteristics of cT1 upstaging to pT3a renal cell carcinoma compared with de novo pT3a tumors. / Resultados oncológicos y características patológicas de la sobrestadificación de cT1 a carcinoma de células renales pT3a en comparación con los tumores pT3a de novo.

INTRODUCTION: The significance of upstaging of cT1 renal tumors to pT3a is not clear. We evaluate the incidence of upstaging, identify predictors and analyze oncological outcomes of these patients versus those who did not upstage. We also compared the oncological outcomes of cT1 upstaging to pT3a with de novo pT3a renal tumors. METHODS: From a database of 1021 renal tumors with complete available follow-up data, 517 patients had cT1. Patients upstaging to pT3a were compared to those who did not. Baseline clinical, perioperative, histopathologic features and oncological outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Out of 517 cT1 patients, 105 (20.3%) upstaged to pT3a and 412 (79.7%) did not. Proportion of patients in each group undergoing partial and radical nephrectomy, postoperative tumor size, histology, margin status and lymph node involvement were similar. Among upstaged, 9 patients (8.6%) developed first recurrence as compared to only 3 (0.7%) in those not upstaging (P <0.001). The median time to recurrence (57 vs. 107 months; P <0.001) was lesser in de novo pT3a renal tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological upstaging from cT1 to pT3a and necrosis on histopathology were associated with recurrence. Advanced age, smoking, necrosis on histopathology, clear cell histology and higher Fuhrman grades contributed to pathological upstaging of cT1 tumors. De novo pT3a RCC had worse survival when compared to cT1 patients upstaging to pT3a RCC.